Transition Project
(1) Do democracy indices tell different stories? Comparing eight democracy indices 4th version December 2022. Also Economics Working Paper 2021-10
(1b) Net Appendix, revised April 2023
(2) Explaining the path of the democratic transition
Kyklos 78(3), 1142-57, July 2025 with two corrections of typos
(3) The transition of education. A cross-country macro approach
European Journal of Political Economy, 84, 102362, 2024
online February 2023
(3b) Net Appendix, revised January 2023
(4) Income, Growth, and Democracy. Looking for the causal structure
European Journal of Political Economy 83, 10232, 2024
(4b) Net Appendix, June 2023
(5) Do relatively democratic countries grow faster?
long version and
short version
(5b) Net Appendix, July 2023
(6) Can democracy and religiosity explain corruption?
An empirical study of the long run using cross-country data
New expanded version. July 2024
(7) The development of the economic system in the long run From political to market capitalism With Jamel Saadaoui. Revised and renamed March 2026
The exception: OPEC, MENA, and Arab
(8) The OPEC/MENA/Arab nexus and the missing democratic transition
European Journal of Political Economy 90 (2025) 102731
(9) The economic system of oil countries. Authoritarian political capitalism With Jamel Saadaoui, Third version. March 2026. For Miklós, R.,Vahabi, M., eds. Handbook of Political Capitalism. Cambridge University Press 2026
(10) Net Appendix to (8) and (9) Revised August 2025
Five small background Papers
(11) Does the corruption index have international trends? Revised December 2025. Background paper
(12) Is democracy in crisis? January 2026. Background paper
(13) Constancy spells for the polyarchy democracy index January 2026. Background paper
(14) Looking for causality involving S February 2026. Background paper
(15) Looking for causality involving E February 2026. Background paper